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== United States Patent 4,424,275 ==
==Links to Assignments ==


=== Logistics ===
[[United States Patent 4,424,275 (RCTA)]]
(Homework 1)


* Patent 4,424,275
[[Patentability Case-Study: Tracing Hotchkiss, A.&P., and Lyon (RCTA)]]
* Continuous Process for Producing N-Butanol Employing Anaerobic Fermentation
(Homework 2)
** Issued: Jan. 3, 1984 (Filed: Aug. 3, 1981)
* Inventor: Sidney Levy


=== The Invention ===
[[Two Faces: US v. Adams, 383 U.S. 39 (1966) (RCTA)]]
(Homework 3)


From its inception, the fermentation of n-butanol from carbohydrate-containing substrate was hampered by several problems, the largest of which was the maximum n-butanol concentration of 2.5% in the fermentation broth, at which point it became toxic to the butanol-producing bacteria. The aims of this invention were to address these shortcomings in the old batch-reactor processes as well as introduce a continuous process for the production of solvents by anaerobic (oxygen-free) fermentation of substrates that contained sugars. The invention is both a process that allows for the continuous production of solvents and their extraction as well as an apparatus for conducting this process. It allows for the continuous production of n-butanol using various substrates and extraction solvents while achieving higher n-butanol concentrations and reusing the extraction solvents.
<br />


<p>I found this patent interesting because butanol has many advantages over ethanol as an alternative, biologically-based fuel source and because I have worked in refining. It will be interesting to explore other inventions, including bacteria cultures and devices, and to see how this technology is being employed in several pilot plants. I found the patent while searching Google Patents: [http://www.google.com/patents]. Google Patents includes the patent overview and documentation: [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=aKY0AAAAEBAJ]. The drawings are particularly interesting: [http://www.google.com/patents?id=aKY0AAAAEBAJ&printsec=drawing&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false].</p>
[[Historical Development of Nonobviousness (RCTA)]]


[[User:Rabot|Rabot]] 23:23, 23 January 2011 (EST)
[[Suggestion to Combine (RCTA)]]


== Patentability Case-Study: Tracing Hotchkiss, A&P, and Lyon ==
[[Objective Tests (RCTA)]]
 
[[The Inventive Step (RCTA)]]
 
[[Relationship with Novelty (RCTA)]]
 
[[Other Historical Considerations (RCTA)]]


=== Disclosure of Cited Patents ===
* Patent 2,389,263
* Method of Producing 2:3 Butanol
* Patented Nov. 20, 1945
* Alfred J. Liebmann and George de Becze
** Assignors to Schenley Distillers Corporation, NY
<br />
<br />
* Patent 1,875,536
 
* Continuous Butyl Alcohol Fermentation Process
[[United States Patent 3,643,513 (HW 2-25) (RCTA)]]
* Patented Sept. 6, 1932
 
* Maynard C. Wheeler and Charles D. Goodale
[[Printed Publication (HW 3-23) (RCTA)]]
** Assignors to Commercial Solvents Corporation, IN
 
[[Doctrine of Equivalents (HW 4-4) (RCTA)]]
 
<br />
 
[[Honeywell Ruling (RCTA)]]
 
<br />
 
[[Quanta Brief Summary 901330223]]
 
== Links to Notes ==
 
[[ Brief of Amici Curiae AMA, ACMG, ASHG, APHMG, and Mayo Clinic in Support of Respondents (Oct. 2, 2009) ]]
 
[[Abbott timeline (RCTA)]]
 
[[Appellate Brief for Petitioner (January 1939) in The Electric Storage Battery Co., Petitioner, v. Genzo Shimadzu and Northeastern Engineering Corporation, Respondents (RCTA)]]

Latest revision as of 23:29, 27 April 2011

United States Patent 4,424,275 (RCTA) (Homework 1)

Patentability Case-Study: Tracing Hotchkiss, A.&P., and Lyon (RCTA) (Homework 2)

Two Faces: US v. Adams, 383 U.S. 39 (1966) (RCTA) (Homework 3)


Historical Development of Nonobviousness (RCTA)

Suggestion to Combine (RCTA)

Objective Tests (RCTA)

The Inventive Step (RCTA)

Relationship with Novelty (RCTA)

Other Historical Considerations (RCTA)


United States Patent 3,643,513 (HW 2-25) (RCTA)

Printed Publication (HW 3-23) (RCTA)

Doctrine of Equivalents (HW 4-4) (RCTA)


Honeywell Ruling (RCTA)


Quanta Brief Summary 901330223

Brief of Amici Curiae AMA, ACMG, ASHG, APHMG, and Mayo Clinic in Support of Respondents (Oct. 2, 2009)

Abbott timeline (RCTA)

Appellate Brief for Petitioner (January 1939) in The Electric Storage Battery Co., Petitioner, v. Genzo Shimadzu and Northeastern Engineering Corporation, Respondents (RCTA)

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